Progeny particles and shatter, attrition and cleavage

 What do you mean by progeny particles and explain shatter, attrition and cleavage? 


Progeny Particles

Progeny particles are the fragments produced when a parent particle undergoes breakage during a comminution process. These fragments can vary in size and shape and are essential to understanding the behavior of materials in size reduction processes. The characteristics of progeny particles are influenced by factors such as the material's properties, fracture energy, and the mode of breakage.

Modes of Fracture

  1. Shatter Fracture:

    • Occurs when the energy applied is much greater than the particle's fracture energy.
    • The parent particle breaks into multiple smaller fragments, resulting in a wide size distribution.
    • Typically observed in impact crushers or during high-velocity collisions.

  2. Attrition Fracture:

    • Involves the removal of material from the surface of a particle due to repeated small-scale impacts or shear forces.
    • Produces fine particles and leads to a smoother particle surface.
    • Common in mills where particles experience continuous contact, such as in tumbling mills.

  3. Cleavage Fracture:

    • The particle splits along natural planes of weakness, such as grain boundaries or cracks.
    • Produces larger fragments with flat surfaces.
    • Often occurs in brittle materials and in crushers designed for compressive breakage.

Reference: The explanation and examples of these fracture mechanisms can be found on page 136 of the book Modeling and Simulation of Mineral Processing Systems by R.P. King【15†source】【16†source】.

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